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Thermal Stress Biology
The Three-Minute Threshold: Cold Shock Proteins, Norepinephrine Cascades, and Why Brief Intense Cold Exposure Outperforms Gradual Acclimatisation
The biological payoff of cold exposure is not proportional to duration — it is gated by intensity. Three minutes at two degrees Celsius triggers molecular cascades that thirty minutes at fifteen degrees cannot initiate, because the signalling threshold for cold shock protein synthesis requires a rate of temperature change that gradual cooling never achieves.
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